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首席研究员最新文章揭示外来植物入侵机理
【字体: 大 中 小 】 时间:2010年08月02日 来源:生物通
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来自中国科学院武汉植物园,美国莱斯大学,美国农业部入侵植物实验室,南京农业大学的研究人员获得了入侵植物与昆虫互作关系研究方面的最新成果,这篇题为“Resource allocation to defence and growth are driven by different responses to generalist and specialist herbivory in an invasive plant”的文章发表在《Journal of Ecology》上。
生物通报道:来自中国科学院武汉植物园,美国莱斯大学,美国农业部入侵植物实验室,南京农业大学的研究人员获得了入侵植物与昆虫互作关系研究方面的最新成果,这篇题为“Resource allocation to defence and growth are driven by different responses to generalist and specialist herbivory in an invasive plant”的文章发表在《Journal of Ecology》上。
领导这一研究的是武汉植物园入侵植物生物学学科首席研究员丁建清博士,其2006年入选中国科学院入侵生态学“****”。近年来在外来有害生物入侵及其治理研究方面主持过近20项国内外科研项目,获得过两项省部级科技成果奖励。国内外已发表论文50余篇。主要研究方向包括外来植物入侵的生态、遗传和进化机理,生物入侵的生态后效,外来入侵植物与昆虫的互作关系,外来入侵植物的生物及综合治理等。
这项研究中,研究人员利用同质种植园试验、生物测定和化学分析,比较研究了入侵植物乌桕(Triadica sebifera)入侵地种群(美国)和原产地种群(中国)对专食性昆虫(Gadirtha inexacta)和广食性昆虫(Cnidocampa flavescens)抗性和耐受性的差异。研究结果表明:入侵地种群与原产地种群相比,对专食性昆虫具有较高的耐受性和较低的抗性水平,对广食性昆虫具有较高的耐受性水平。但是,二者对广食性昆虫的抗性水平表现一致。此外,就耐受性而言,入侵地种群对广食性昆虫的耐受性要显著的高于对专食性昆虫的耐受性。生化测定表明,与原产地种群相比,入侵地种群丹宁含量较低,但碳水化合物与蛋白质的比值却较高。
与已有研究相比,该成果不仅首次明确了入侵植物对不同昆虫类群(专食性昆虫和广食性昆虫)在抗性和耐受性方面的不同响应;同时,进一步探讨了入侵植物的资源分配机制。文章提出,如果构建耐受性的成本较低,而构建抗性的成本较高,那么,入侵植物在传入地因为缺乏专食性天敌,会将构建抗性所节余的一部分资源用于提高对广食性昆虫的耐受性,而另一部分用于生长繁殖,进而提高植物的竞争力。此外,该成果对乌桕的生物防治也有重要的指导意义。入侵地种群抗性水平的降低虽然有利于生物防治昆虫的种群建立,但是耐受性水平的提高将极大的降低生物防治昆虫的控制效果。
另外动物研究所的研究人员以红脂大小蠹-伴生菌为研究模型,以多物种协同作用为切入点,开展了红脂大小蠹入侵机制的研究,继2007年提出外来种与本地种种间协同入侵后,最近又提出了红脂大小蠹伴生菌L. procerum的共生入侵机制。
一方面,中国红脂大小蠹伴生菌L. procerum通过降低寄主油松抗性和诱导寄主油松产生红脂大小蠹聚集化合物(3-carene)来协助红脂大小蠹在入侵地中国的侵入;另一方面,中国红脂大小蠹通过携带其伴生菌L. procerum和诱导寄主油松产生抑制其它伴生菌生长的化合物来协助中国红脂大小蠹伴生菌L. procerum在入侵地中国的侵入。由此从虫-菌种间协同、虫-寄主相互作用、菌-寄主相互作用和菌-菌种间竞争4个方面验证了红脂大小蠹与其中国伴生菌L. procerum的共生关系在入侵地的发展和保持,从而说明红脂大小蠹及其中国伴生菌L. procerum的入侵性。最终提出新的入侵模式——共生入侵。部分数据在线发表在植物学期刊New Phytologist。
(生物通:万纹)
原文摘要:
Resource allocation to defence and growth are driven by different responses to generalist and specialist herbivory in an invasive plant
Invasive plants often have novel biotic interactions in their introduced ranges. These interactions, including less frequent herbivore attacks, may convey a competitive advantage over native plants. Invasive plants may vary in defence strategies (resistance vs. tolerance) or in response to the type of herbivore (generalists vs. specialists), but no study to date has examined this broad set of traits simultaneously. 2. Here, we examined resistance and tolerance of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) populations from the introduced and native ranges to generalist (Cnidocampa flavescens) and specialist herbivores (Gadirtha inexacta) in the native range. 3. In a field common-garden test of resistance, caterpillars of each species were raised on plants from native and invasive populations. We found the specialist grew larger on and consumed more mass of invasive plant populations than native populations, while the generalist showed the same performance between them. The results were consistent with our laboratory bioassay using excised leaves. Chemical analyses showed that the invasive plants had lower tannin content and higher ratio of carbohydrate to protein than those of their native counterparts, suggesting that plants from invasive populations have altered chemistry that has a larger impact on specialist than on generalist resistance. 4. To test for differences in herbivore tolerance, plants were first defoliated by specialist or generalist herbivory and then allowed to regrow for 100 days in a field common garden. We found that plants from invasive populations had greater herbivore tolerance than native populations, especially for tolerance to generalists. They also grew more rapidly than native counterparts in the absence of herbivory. 5. Synthesis. The results of these experiments indicate that differences in selective pressures between ranges have caused dramatic reductions in resistance to specialist herbivores and those changes in plant secondary chemistry likely underlie these differences. The greater tolerance of invasive populations to herbivory appears to at least partly reflect an increase in growth rate in the introduced range. The greater tolerance to generalist herbivores suggests the intriguing possibility of selection for traits that allow plants to tolerate generalist herbivores more than specialist herbivores.
作者简介:
丁建清,男,博士,武汉植物园入侵植物生物学学科首席研究员,硕士、博士生导师。2006年入选中国科学院入侵生态学“****”。近年来在外来有害生物入侵及其治理研究方面主持过近20项国内外科研项目,获得过两项省部级科技成果奖励。国内外已发表论文50余篇。主要研究方向包括外来植物入侵的生态、遗传和进化机理,生物入侵的生态后效,外来入侵植物与昆虫的互作关系,外来入侵植物的生物及综合治理等。
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